Central venous blood gas and acid-base status in conscious dogs and cats

To determine the reference level of central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO₂) and clinical efficacy of central venous blood gas analysis, partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide, pH, oxygen saturation, base excess (B.E.) and HCO₃ concentration were compared between simultaneously obtained central venous and arterial blood samples from conscious healthy 6 dogs and 5 cats. Comparisons between arteriovenous samples were performed by a paired t-test and Bland-Altman analysis. Between arteriovenous samples, B.E. showed good agreement, but there were significant differences in other parameters in the dogs, and no good agreement was detected in cats. The ScvO₂ in dogs and cats were 82.3 ± 3.5 and 62.4 ± 13.5%, respectively. Central venous blood gas analysis is indispensable, especially in cats.     

Physiological but not morphological adjustments along latitudinal gradients in a human commensal species,the Eurasian tree sparrow

Human commensal species take advantage of anthropogenic conditions that are less likely to be challenged by the selective pressures of natural environments. Their morphological and physiological phenotypes can therefore dissociate from habitat characteristics. Understanding how these species adjust their morphological and physiological traits across latitudinal gradients is fundamental to uncovering the eco-physiological strategies underlying coping mechanisms. Here, we studied morphological traits in breeding Eurasian tree sparrows (ETSs; Passer montanus) among low-latitude (Yunnan and Hunan) and middle-latitude (Hebei) localities in China. We then compared body mass; lengths of bill, tarsometatarsus, wing, total body, and tail feather; and baseline and capture stress-induced levels of plasma corticosterone (CORT) and the metabolites including glucose (Glu), total triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), total protein, and uric acid (UA). None of the measured morphological parameters varied with latitude except in the Hunan population, which demonstrated longer bills than those in other populations. Stress-induced CORT levels significantly exceeded baseline levels and decreased with increasing latitude, but total integrated CORT levels did not vary with latitude. Capture stress-induced significantly increased Glu levels and decreased TG levels, independent of site. However, the Hunan population had significantly higher baseline CORT, baseline and stress-induced FFA levels, but lower UA levels, which differed from other populations. Our results suggest that rather than morphological adjustments, physiological adjustments are mainly involved in coping mechanisms for middle-latitude adaptation in ETSs. It is worth investigating whether other avian species also exhibit such dissociation from external morphological designs while depending on physiological adjustments.     

微波低温催化热解木屑制取可燃气研究

以可燃性气体为目的产物,在450~600℃低温条件下对木屑进行微波催化热解。考察了热解温度、催化剂种类以及催化剂用量对微波热解可燃气产量和热值的影响,并分析热解过程中各气体组分的变化趋势。结果表明:催化剂的加入可有效提高气体产率,不同催化剂对气体产率的影响顺序为:K2CO3Na OHNa2CO3Mg OCa ONa H2PO4Na2HPO4。在热解温度550℃、K2CO3用量(以木屑质量计)20%的条件下得到高产量的中热值可燃性气体,气体产率为62.65%,低位热值14.05 MJ/m3;且K2CO3作为催化剂时可得到较高的H/C的气体。     

FRP增强结构用集成材木梁胶合性能研究

FRP增强结构用集成材木梁可有效地提升梁体的抗弯强度,FRP与结构用集成材的复合首先要解决的是FRP与木材的胶合问题。本试验对比等离子体处理及羟甲基间苯二酚HMR改性处理工艺对FRP木材界面胶合性能的影响,并用胶层剥离率、剪切强度对胶合性能加以表征。试验结果表明,FRP增强结构用集成材木梁的胶合界面优化处理工艺为：FRP表面不处理,木材表面预先以2.5 m/min的送料速度进行射频功率为400 W的等离子体处理5次,然后以150 g/m2的涂胶量涂布HMR。试材的浸渍剥离率、煮沸剥离率、干剪强度、湿剪强度及木破率均满足结构用集成材国家标准GB/T 26899-2011中关于使用环境3的要求。     

吉林市森林固碳释氧生态效益评价

以吉林市现有森林资源面积和各林龄组面积、蓄积为基础数据,按国家林业行业标准规定的方法,测算森林年净生产力、固碳量与释氧量和货币价值量.结果表明:森林净生产力为1 822 783.3 t·a-1,固碳量为2 835 277.2 t·a-1,释氧量为2 168 711.2 t·a-1;固碳价值为34.02亿元·a-1,释氧...     

气调对无花果采后品质及活性氧代谢的影响

为研究气调对无花果采后品质及活性氧代谢的影响，以“波姬红”无花果为试材，在(25±0.5)℃和(72±0.5)%相对湿度的环境条件下，以空气为对照，研究4种不同比例气体成分CA1（4%O2+8%CO2）、CA2（4%O2+12%CO2）、CA3（8%O2+8%CO2）、CA4（8%O2+12%CO2）对无花果色差、硬度、咀嚼性、果胶含量、过氧化氢（H2O2）与超氧阴离子含量及过氧化氢酶（CAT）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的影响。结果表明，气调处理不同程度地延缓无花果外观色泽的变化，减缓硬度和咀嚼性的下降，较好地保持了原果胶含量，抑制了可溶性果胶含量的上升，并维持较高的CAT、APX与SOD活性，保持较低的H2O2与超氧阴离子含量。其中8%O2与12%CO2的气调处理效果最佳。     

Water circulation induced by mechanical aerators in a rectangular vessel for shrimp aquaculture

A water streamer was designed for the purpose of enhancing cost-efficient circulation between the water surface and bottom of shrimp aquaculture ponds. We took direct measurements of the water current field induced by the designed aerator in a large rectangular reservoir of dimensions (L)50 × (W)19 × (D)1.3 m³ and compared the results with those of a standard Taiwanese paddle-wheel aerator. Vertical circulation between the surface and the bottom induced by the paddle wheel aerator was less than that by the designed aerator. Furthermore, the paddle-wheel aerator consumed more electric power than the designed aerator. The structures of water current induced by the two aerators are elucidated, and the advantages and disadvantages of the aerators are discussed.Auxiliary employment of the designed aerators may contribute to delivery of high DO water throughout the pond, which is more efficient than a paddle wheel aerator.     

Reactive oxygen species are involved in cell death in wheat roots against powdery mildew

Inoculation of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) leaves with wheat powdery mildew fungus(Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) induces the cell death in adventitious roots. Reactive oxygen species(ROS) play a key role in respond to biotic stress in plants. To study the involvement of ROS and the degree of cell death in the wheat roots following inoculation, ROS levels and microstructure of root cells were analyzed in two wheat cultivars that are susceptible(Huamai 8) and resistant(Shenmai 8) to powdery mildew fungus. At 18 d after powdery mildew fungus inoculation, only Huamai 8 displayed the leaf lesions, while root cell death occurred in both varieties. Huamai 8 had a high level of ROS accumulation, which is associated with increased root cell degradation, while in Shenmai 8, there was little ROS accumulation correlating with slight root cell degradation. The molecular study about the expression levels of ROS scavenging genes(MnSOD and CAT) in wheat roots showed that these genes expression decreased after the leaves of wheat was inoculated. The difference between Huamai 8 and Shenmai 8 on subcellular localization of H2 O2 and O2–· was corresponded with the different down-regulation of the genes encoding for superoxide dismutase and catalase in two wheat cultivars. These results suggested that ROS were involved in the process by which powdery mildew fungus induced cell death in wheat roots.